GLP-1 medications have transformed how diabetes and obesity are treated. Medications such as semaglutide and tirzepatide can produce major weight loss and substantial improvements in metabolic health. 

GLP-1s can also affect the skin.

Most public discourse has focused on “Ozempic face,” a popular term for facial hollowing, laxity and visible aging that can occur after significant weight loss. However, emerging dermatology research suggests that the relationship between GLP-1 receptor agonists and skin is far more complex.

What are GLP-1 receptor agonists?

GLP-1 is a natural gut hormone that regulates blood sugar, slows digestion, and controls appetite. GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic the naturally occurring hormone. These medications help the body release insulin when the blood sugar is high, slow down digestion to prevent sugar spikes and signal to the brain that you are full to reduce appetite and cravings. 

Common GLP-1 medications:

• Semaglutide (Ozempic®, Wegovy®)
• Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®, Zepbound®)
• Liraglutide (Victoza®, Saxenda®)
• Dulaglutide (Trulicity®)

Some medications are primarily for weight management, while others also target Type 2 Diabetes. 

What is “Ozempic face?”

“Ozempic face” refers to the facial volume loss and changes in tissue support that occurs after rapid weight loss. Such changes can create a sunken or gaunt appearance in the cheeks and temples. 

The good news is that this is mostly treatable. Instead of waiting to address skin concerns after weight loss, focus on your skin during it. Prioritize using medical-grade skincare that contains retinoids and SPF to promote collagen production. During weight loss, maintain adequate hydration and sufficient protein intake to support tissue growth. Additional treatment options may include collagen injectables like Sculptra, fillers, or lasers. Meet with one of our board-certified dermatologists to find the right treatment for you. 

Can GLP-1 medications cause skin reactions?

GLP-1 medications commonly cause skin reactions. Potential reactions include:

• Redness
• Itching
• Tenderness
• Swelling
• Firmness or induration

These are usually localized and mild.

Although rare, some people have developed blistering skin conditions while taking these medications. The risk appears to be much lower than with certain other diabetes medications, especially DPP-4 inhibitors. If you develop new blisters, painful sores, severe itching, or a rapidly spreading rash, seek medical attention promptly.

Can GLP-1s improve skin conditions?

GLP-1 medications are associated with a lot of negative skin reactions, but new dermatology research suggests that these medications may actually benefit certain skin conditions. 

For psoriasis patients, small studies on GLP-1 medications have shown reduced systemic inflammation and inflammatory cytokines involved in psoriasis. These findings are exciting, but larger trials are still needed before GLP-1s become a prescribed treatment for psoriasis. 

Hidradenitis suppurativa is associated with inflammation, friction, obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Some observational studies have reported improvements in pain, flare frequency, disease severity and quality of life in patients using GLP-1s. While more research is needed, the results look promising. 

Some believe GLP-1 medications could improve acne and rosacea because of improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammatory signaling. However, the proposed benefit is currently theoretical. There is not enough clinical evidence to conclude that GLP-1 medications improve acne and rosacea. As of right now, patients with acne and rosacea should continue to use evidence-based treatments recommended by a dermatologist. 

What you should know before starting GLP-1 medications

GLP-1 medications have complex and sometimes opposing effects on the skin.

They may:

• Improve metabolic and inflammatory pathways
• Potentially benefit psoriasis and hidradenitis
• Cause injection-site or rare hypersensitivity reactions
• Contribute indirectly to facial hollowing and laxity through substantial weight loss

As research continues to evolve, patients should never start, stop, or change GLP-1 medications solely because of skin concerns without speaking with the healthcare provider managing their treatment.

At Tareen Dermatology, our board-certified dermatologists evaluate your medical and aesthetic skin changes associated with weight loss and create individualized treatment plans based on your health, anatomy and goals. Book a consultation today!

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